Childhood Obesity And Its Effects On The American Culture

Childhood obesity is an important issue in the American culture because of the staggering results that this disease has reached in the past years. Certain gene factors connected with the change of culture and lifestyle has produced kids and adults who are now not as healthy as most people were just a few decades ago. The widespread of obesity has been the biggest result of these specific changes. This was a great topic to research, considering I have worked with children before in sports and other activities. I expect to continue working with students younger or teenagers in the future, hopefully in an athletic and educational setting. Because school sports and education are seen as an important role in the battle with childhood obesity, it is very important that coaches and teachers are aware of certain health risks. This can help by teaching kids how to deal with these problems and helping them live a better lifestyle. The terms overweight and obesity are compared on the website called The Center for Disease Control. The term overweight means that a person with a much higher weight being compared to other people that are his/her same height and to be technical has nothing to do with the specific persons body fat percentage. An example for this would be, an individual could possibly have a much higher body weight due to having an excessive amount of muscle mass. To put into examination, a source explains that it is more accurate to use the term overfat, when we areShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Influences On Childhood Obesity1717 Words   |  7 PagesSocial? Obesity has become a large and dark reality in United States. For someone who does not have sociological imagination being overweight is the result of bad personal choices or genetic predisposition. (Crosnoe) Cultural beliefs and practices related to food and feeding vary among ethnic groups, and these differences may contribute to different pat terns of obesity in children and youth, related to their ethnicity. As described in the epidemiological overview show higher than average obesity prevalenceRead MoreEssay about Childhood Obesity in African American Children1306 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is a consequential medical condition that effects the youth and adolescence of society. This disorder creates health problems that were once only seen in adults, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Although childhood obesity is a world wide issue, the percentage of overweight children differs, especially throughout the United States. Today, the greatest population suffering from this disease are African American children who reside in the southern part of the countryRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic In Our Nation.1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Seema Patel A Capstone Proposal Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Healthcare Administration KAPLAN UNIVERSITY March 2017 The Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Childhood obesity is a greatest public health concern in our nation because it has an immediate and long-term effect on morbidity and mortality later in life. Experts in this epidemic suggest that there isRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children Health1139 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Obesity on Children Health Obesity is a serious medical and psychological condition that affects children, adult, and elderly people. According to WHO, People who are above the normal weight for their age and height are called obese. Childhood obesity has been problem in developed as well as in developing countries. As Cause, it is accepted that increase in obesity results from an imbalance between abnormal intake of unhealthy food and drink and also unable to burn calorie. There is increasingRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Growing Problem Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation on Childhood Obesity. I intend to first plainly explain a clear definition of what Childhood Obesity is. Next I plan on explaining some possible reasons why children develop obesity. I also want to give clear consequences and life struggles that may be associated with a child who is obese. I also want to discuss long term effects of this disease on the individual as well as society. Finally, I would like to discuss some possible tre atments associated with curing obesity in children asRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1334 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Factors Related to Obesity in Adolescence Childhood obesity is a worldwide epidemic that has increased dramatically over the past few years. There are many reasons this could be and research shows that as cultures are developing kids are spending more time indoors than being active outside. Technology is becoming so advanced that people are now able to play sports right from the comfort of his or her living room couch. Although these technological advancements are quite outstanding and hasRead MoreFactors That Influence Obesity Rates Among Children Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will describe the factors that influence obesity rates among children. It will review relevant literature concerning the bio-psychosocial facts and etiology involved in childhood obesity. This paper will discuss why this is a problem not only for the client system, but also a significant social problem. Multiple systems will be explored to support the continuation of the problem on a micro, mezzo and macro level. Some specific policies that exacerbate the problem will be looked at alongRead More Childhood Obesity Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesSchools need to work to promote healthy exercise habits and (with the help of local communities) be able to provide the necessary equipment to help adolescents get a healthy amount of physical activity. (American Obesity Association) Lack of exercise isn’t the root cause of childhood obesity however it is, in fact, only half of the cause. The other cause is the consumption of high calorie foods. Adolescents today consume many high sugar, high calorie, low nutrition snacks. In many cases theseRead MoreObesity The Problem Of Children!. Are You Aware Of1662 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity the problem of children! Are you aware of that over million American children are struggling with obesity? Obesity is a serious medical and psychological condition that affects children, adult, and elderly people. According to WHO, People who are above the normal weight for their age and height are called obese. Being overweight an early age has been global problematic. As Cause, high number of obesity results from an abnormal intake of unhealthy food and drink and also unable toRead MoreChildhood Obesity And The United States And School Lunches951 Words   |  4 PagesSloviter makes a point that this increase in BMI at such a young age will lead to an increased risk for adult obesity. She concludes the article by briefly reminding the reader to remember that there are other factors that contribute to childhood obesity and the largest factor may not be the school lunch environment after all. While reading this article my viewpoint was challenged. Childhood obesity in the United States and school lunches have always seemed to go hand in hand because of all the national

Antigone And Death Of A Salesman - 955 Words

Many films or dramas about love always make me impressed by the power of love. Love can evokes people’s various emotions such as happiness, sadness and anger. Love encourages people to accomplish what they think is impossible or impracticable. In addition, love is an intense and direct feeling that I experiences the most in my life. It is Antigone and Death of a salesman that are the two plays which impress me with the expression of strong love among the roles. The play, Antigone, ends up with tragedy and creates two tragic heroes—Antigone and Creon. Arthur Miller takes advantage of memories, dreams, arguments and conflicts to make up the last day of Willy Loman’s life (Lifcharts.com). Love reflected in the two plays is various, complex and full of tragic feature. Haemon shows his love to Antigone by revolting against his father s authority and committing suicide; Linda shows her love to Willy by defending him and protecting his American dream, and my friend show s love to his parents by quitting school to support his parents company. Haemon shows his love to Antigone by revolting his father s authority and committing suicide. Haemon is the son of Creon and Eurydice and is engaged to Antigone. He always respects and obeys Creon, taking Creon for a model. However, the decree of killing Antigone causes his violent controversy with his father because he is afraid of losing his fiancà ©Ã¢â‚¬â€Antigone. Haemon defends the moral behavior of Antigone and reasons with Creon to changeShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Tragic Hero Creon in Antigone by Sophocles818 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play, Antigone by Sophocles, at first glance readers assume that Antigone is the tragic hero. However, this is not the case. Although Antigone does display some characteristics of a tragic hero, I believe that Creon is the true tragic hero. For many readers, it may be a challenge to see Creon as the tragic hero; however, when you take a second look at the play, you can see that Creon displays every quality of a tragic hero. Creon’s power and pride as well as going against the gods all leadRead MoreAll My Sons Greek Analysis1299 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller—the author of All my Sons, The Crucible, and Death of a Salesman—was born in 1915 in New York City. He lived through the Great Depression and both World Wars. A self-proclaimed modern tragedian, Miller says he looks to the Greeks for inspiration, especially Sophocles (the author of Oedipus the King). Miller elevates â€Å"the common man’s failures, his anguish, and his family relationships† to the magnitude of a tragic hero (Galvin). All my Sons is a great example of how Miller uses theRead MoreTragic Hero1598 Words   |  7 Pagessee and understand his doom, as well as the fact that his fate was discovered by his own actions. †¢ Hero s story should arouse fear and empathy. †¢ Hero must be physically or spiritually wounded by his experiences, often resulting in his death. †¢ Ideally, the hero should be a king or leader of men, so that his people experience his fall with him. †¢ The hero must be intelligent so he may learn from his mistakes. Modern fictional tragic heroes In the Modernist era, a new kindRead MoreA Summary On Tragedy 2914 Words   |  12 Pages However, they allow an audience to feel pain and closely connect to the characters. In modern times a tragic hero is no longer required to be a prestigious and elite character, but instead a relatable and common man such as Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman. It is rare to find a chorus in a modern tragedy, however in modern cinema like (500) Days of Summer a soundtrack can fulfill the role of a classic tragic chorus. Often aspects of an ancient Greek tragedy can be found in a modern tragedy suchRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pagesunderstanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. Alias Grace Middlemarch All the King’s Men Moby-Dick Candide Obasan Death of a Salesman Oedipus Rex Doctor Faustus Orlando Don Quixote A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Gesture Life Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Ghosts The ScarletRead MoreFacilitating Learning and Assessment in Practice3273 Words   |  14 PagesDante’s Inferno, Hawthorne’s House of the Seven Gables and The Scarlet Letter, Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov, Twain’s A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Arthur Miller’s The Crucible and Death of a Salesman, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Shakespeare’s MacBeth and Hamlet, and numerous examples of poetry by Whitman, Wordsworth, the Brownings, Poe, Dickinson, Donne, Frost, Burns, Sandburg, Longfellow, Hughes, Angelou, Cummings, Plath and others. ARead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pageslonger nurseth the disease, Feeding on that which doth preserve the ill, The uncertain sickly appetite to please. My reason, the physician to my love, Angry that his prescriptions are not kept, Hath left me, and I desp’rate now approve Desire is death, which physic did except. Past cure am I, now reason is past care, And frantic mad with evermore unrest, My thoughts and my discourse as madmen’s are, At random from the truth vainly expressed;   Ã‚  Ã‚  For I have sworn thee fair and thought thee bright

The Conquest of Mexico and Peru free essay sample

This paper analyzes both conquests in detail, finding what both generals had in common that they took the advantage of the internal conflicts between the natives of the respective lands and used it to make their allies. An analysis of the leadership of Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro in the 16th century. It describes in detail the conquests, focusing on various regions such as Dona Marina, countryman Geronimo de Aguilar and the Spanish governor of Cuba, Diego Velaquez. The Spanish conquest of Mexico started from the year 1519, when the Spanish conqueror Cortes started his battle to conquest the land and to take away the wealth for the Spanish empire. Hernan (also Hernando or Fernando) Cortes was from a family of minor nobility. He gained respect in later years by participating in the conquest of Cuba with Diego Velazquez, the future governor. The army of Hernn Cortes consisted of around 500 Spanish soldiers and sailors, 16 horses and fourteen cannons to terrorize the Mexicans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Conquest of Mexico and Peru or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They were given a war welcome by the native Totanic Indians.

Information reliability for academic research review and recommendations free essay sample

The difference and the importance of both Scholarly publication and popular research both go hand and hand while seeking information. While scholarly publication is one in which the content is written by experts in a particular field of study generally for the purpose of sharing original research or analyzing others findings. Scholarly work will thoroughly cite all source materials used and is usually subject to peer review prior to publication.Scholars share their findings with similar experts. Many conference proceedings are peer-reviewed. The major source for scholarly information, journal articles include background research, data, and analysis. These are written by the scholars who conducted the research. These articles summarize and synthesize information from multiple primary articles. They can identify themes and trends across research. These types of sources can also catch you up on the relevant research in an area.The key items to include authorship, verifiability, and accuracy of details, currency, publishing body, points of view bias, and referral literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Information reliability for academic research: review and recommendations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This means that resources you would find in a physical library such as books, magazines, journals, and multimedia have been converted into digital formats and stored in databases, allowing you to access them by going to our webpage on a computer.( Quick n Dirty ) Referrals refer to the authoring context of work, and it can be referred to as literature knowledge. Literature includes a bibliography, treatment of controversial subjects, use of new theory and display of schools of thought and proper attribution of related resources. Points of view show the level of neutrality of information .the presence of the publishing body is an indication that the work has been screened. Currency refers to information timelines in the work. Verifiability or accuracy of the information is based on research method used, outlined methodology, listed bibliography and use of non-published data in the resource.To be the most effective and efficient when finding resources that fit research needs, one must start by having a clearly defined topic. Pay close attention to the details of the assignment, and list any keywords or concepts that require scholarly research. Refer to the tips in the Ashford University Library video Quick and Dirty (2013) discussed above, to help save time and get the desired results quicker. Conducting scholarly research can be overwhelming and daunting at first, but by being able to recognize the difference between scholarly and popular research, remembering key steps to using the Ashford University Library, and knowing how to effectively and efficiently find resources that fit your research needs, sorting through the sea of resources will be a bree ze.

Harriet B. Tubman essays

Harriet B. Tubman essays Harriet B. Tubmans original name was Harriet Ross. Harriet was born in Dorchester County, Maryland in 1820. Her parents were from the Ashanti tribe of West Africa, and they worked as slaves on the Brodas plantation. Harriet started doing slave work at the age of. Harriet as a slave was a hard worker, but she was very defiant and rebellious. At the age of 15 she tried helping a runaway slave run away but she was then hit by an overseer on the head and fell into a serious coma. In 1844 Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman. Harriet was still a slave but she was able stay in Johns cabin during the night. Harriets plantation owner had now passed away, so with the fear of being sold to another slave owner she ran away to the underground railroad. She later settled and lived in Philadelphia. Harriet had plans to come back for her parents and her other family to help them escape. A year after Harriet escaped she came back for her sisters family and after helping them escape she got her brothers and took them to the North. In 1857 Harriet had come for her parents. After doing so she settled them in Auburn, New York. Now Harriet earned a price on her head and there was a reward for her capture. Along with that she had a new title to her name. She was known as the Moses of her People. Harriet made 19 trips on the underground railroad and in all freed more than 300 slaves. Harriet later worked in Washington DC as a government nurse. Sadly to say in on March 10, 1913 Harriet had died of pneumonia. But happily Harriet was not afraid to fight for the rights of African Americans. She had great dedication and inspiration on many people and she was honored by many people. ...

Lifetime Earnings Soar with Education

Lifetime Earnings Soar with Education How much more is higher education worth in cold hard money than a high school diploma? Plenty. A college masters degree is worth an average of $1.3 million more in lifetime earnings than a high school diploma, according to a recent report from the U.S. Census Bureau. The report titled The Big Payoff: Educational Attainment and Synthetic Estimates of Work-Life Earnings reveals that over an adults working life, high school graduates can expect, on average, to earn $1.2 million, while those with a bachelors degree will earn, $2.1 million; and people with a masters degree will earn $2.5 million. The large differences in average work-life earnings among the educational levels reflect both differential starting salaries and also disparate earnings trajectories, noted the Census Bureau, that is, the path of earnings over one’s life.Persons with doctoral degrees earn an average of $3.4 million during their working life, while those with professional degrees, like medicine, law, and engineering do best at $4.4 million.At most ages, more education equates with higher earnings, and the payoff is most notable at the highest educational levels, said Jennifer Cheeseman Day, co-author of the report.The figures are based on 1999 earnings projected over a typical work life, defined by the Census Bureau as the period from ages 25 through 64. While many people stop working at an age other than 65, or start before age 25, this range of 40 years provides a practical benchmark for many people, noted the Census Bureau. Americans Staying In School Longer Along with the financial data, the report also shows that more Americans are staying in school longer than ever before. In 2000, as 84%  of American adults age 25 and over had at least completed  high school and 26% had continued to earn a bachelors degree or higher, both percentages all-time highs. 'Glass Ceiling' On Earnings Still Intact The report also shows that while more American women than men have received bachelors degrees every year since 1982, men with professional degrees may expect to cumulatively earn almost $2 million more than their female counterparts over their work lives. Glass ceiling aside, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that women who graduated from college earned about 76 percent more than women with only a high school diploma in 2004.Additional highlights from the report show: In 1999, average annual earnings ranged from $18,900 for high school dropouts to $25,900 for high school graduates, $45,400 for college graduates and $99,300 for the holders of professional degrees (medical doctors, dentists, veterinarians, and lawyers).Over a work life, earnings for a worker with a bachelors degree compared with one who had just a high school diploma increase by about $1 million for non-Hispanic Whites and about $700,000 for African Americans; Asians and Pacific Islanders; and Hispanics.Currently, almost 9-in-10 young adults graduate from high school and about 6-in-10 high school seniors go on to college the following year. A separate report released last year, Whats It Worth? Field of Training and Economic Status: 1996, said among people with bachelors degrees, those working full time in engineering earned the highest average monthly pay ($4,680), while those with education degrees earned the lowest ($2,802) in 1996. 2016 Updated Figures Without a College Degree: According to data most recently collected in 2016 by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, full-time workers age 25 and older without a high school diploma had median weekly earnings of $494 in the first quarter of 2016. That compares with a median of $679 for high school graduates who never attended college and $782 for workers with some college or an associate degree. With a College Degree: Median weekly earnings were $1,155 for workers with a bachelors degree and $1,435 for workers with an advanced degree- a master’s, professional, or doctoral degree. Among college graduates with advanced degrees, the highest earning 10% of men- whose earnings were at or above the 90th percentile- made $3,871 or more per week; the 90th percentile for women with advanced degrees was $2,409 or more. Weekly earnings for the lowest paid 10% of men with advanced degrees- whose earnings were below the 10th percentile were less than $773 in the first quarter. That was slightly higher than the median earnings- the 50th percentile- of men who had completed high school but never attended college.

Development and Growth Requires a Strong Knowledge of Where Youve Been Essay

Development and Growth Requires a Strong Knowledge of Where Youve Been and where you Plan on Going - Essay Example In order to offer a better understanding as to what my implied meaning is in this statement, I will introduce a brief idea into the ethnic culture of Haiti and its people, to give more of a background of where I originated from, and my personal roots. Growing up in Haiti, I learned at a young age that it takes ambition and determination in life to get to where you want to be. I witnessed children struggling alongside their parents, in fields, working long hours, just to try and make ends meet, keep sustenance on the table, and clothing on their backs. Though times in Haiti could be hard, they could be fulfilling as well. For many of the young people, these hard times are exactly what lead them to strive harder to achieve something in their life, and help make their family's lives better as well. I am very much this same way. I grew up in a village similar to ones like Fondwa, where although the countryside can be seen as beautiful, life in itself was and is very straining, especially since I did not live with my mother but lived with my father and my other siblings. The house I grew up in was also very much like the houses you could find in the villages scattered about the island of Haiti. We had a very small, modest house but it was enough to keep us from the elements, and it provided a place for us to be a family as well. However, we often shared our house with other members of our village, which by doing this, taught me that sharing is a great thing to do as it brings about the emotion of compassion and emanates kindness onto others. The majority of houses in Haiti are small, domesticated types of homes, many with the famous white picket fence, and a group of children standing around outside in the summer (Williamson 2004). Furthermore, Haitian people are not lazy. This can be proven, as many of the adults, as well as children work together to bring completeness to their community. If something needs done then often times many work alongside one another until the project is complete. The following quote by a Haitian man goes to emphasize this point fully and rather matter of factly. "One must always work a little to help one's community" (Williamson 2004). In this way, the Haitian people can all feel as if they have achieved something and bettered their living environment. This was always highly impressionable on me as a child, and is yet another reason why I stay so determined to follow my goals through and do whatever it takes to get to where I want to be. Of course this is following my own roots, which at times I am not even aware that I am doing, it is just an inept attitude that I have developed about life. I have had to learn that when times get tough, you can't just give up and give in, you must do whatever it takes to continue on in your life, if you're ever going to get to that place where you want to be. Also, by understanding your own self better, and your past history, you'll come to the realization that it has a major impact on how you engage in activities in your adult life. This is exactly what I have found, as the Haitian culture and its roots are very much a part of my persona. Another aspect of my life in Haiti that has lead me to where I am in my life today is the fact that in my original country, children did not always have the

The Socio-Political And Cultural Context of Nursing Essay

The Socio-Political And Cultural Context of Nursing - Essay Example There are various patterns of knowing in case of nursing practices that address the â€Å"who†, the â€Å"how† and the â€Å"what†. However, it has been understood that the pattern of the socio-political knowing tries to address the â€Å"wherein†. This pattern picks up views of the nurse from the thoughtful nurse-patient relation and tries to position it at the broader context where the nursing takes place. The sociopolitical knowing may be perceived as being understood at two levels. The first level is the sociopolitical context of the persons while the second one is the sociopolitical context of nursing as a profession (Barker, 2009). The term cultural competence can be defined as the capability to understand and respond in an effective manner to the needs such as cultural and linguistic that is brought to the healthcare experience by the health care providers and the organizations (Seright, 2007). Sex can be termed as the various biological and physiol ogical characteristics of male and female whereas the gender can be defined as the socially constructed behaviors, relationships, norms that are considered as appropriate by the society for men and women. The gender inequalities are considered to be a serious issue. The issue is not about the socially constructed differences between men and women. However, it is about that this difference provides rise to discrimination and inequalities. Since both men and women are biologically different, therefore differences in health risk, needs and conditions tend to arise. Social, Political and Cultural Context of Health and Inequalities across a Range of Groups and Contexts It has been found in the history of social work that there have been growing concerns regarding the social inequalities and also upon the focus to diminish systems of oppression. In the case of the British context, the approaches of anti-racist to social work appeared during the year 1980. This was in response to the conce rns over discrimination, inequalities, and injustice in providing the service and delivery along with the racism within the profession itself (Graham & Schiele, 2010). Both the terms oppression and discrimination are grounded on the belief of superiority of one group over the other along with the consequent rights of greater power and opportunity in the society. Oppression can be termed as political, economic and cultural actions and the behaviors that may harm the individuals through exploitation. In nursing, there are various patterns of knowing. However, two more patterns of knowing have also been found and it would be beneficial to include these within the reflection. One of the patterns of knowing is unknowing. Unknowing signifies awareness that the nurse doesn’t understand the patient when they first meet. When the nurse recognizes this unknowing then she tends to remain attentive to the clients’ perspectives. There has been a debate in the nursing literature reg arding the place that sociology occupies in nursing. According to the view of Cooke, nurses tend to have negative attitudes.  Ã‚  

Wine Making Essay Example for Free

Wine Making Essay Winemaking is the production of wine, starting with the selection of grapes and other produce, and ending with putting the delicious wine into bottles! Although wine is usually made from grapes, it may also be made from other fruits! Winemaking can actually be divided into 18 different categories†¦.. Harvesting, destemming, crushing, primary (alcoholic) fermentation, pressing, pigeage, cold stabilization, heat stabilization, second fermentation, bulk aging, Malolactic fermentation, laboratory tests, blending, fining, preservatives, filtration, and last but not least, bottling! Lets now find out how to make wine! Harvesting Harvesting is the picking of the grapes and the first step in wine production. The grapes are either harvested by hand or mechanically, the decision lies on the winemaker. Before harvesting, the winemaker checks the grapes for ripeness, flavor, seed color and taste, and lastly, the sugar level! Mechanical harvesters are large tractors that straddle grapevines, and with a rubber rod, strike the vine to get the grapes. Mechanical harvesters have the advantage of picking grapes in a short amount of time. The disadvantage is all the leaves and stems come with the grapes. Some smart winemakers take off the leaves with another machine before harvesting. Destemming Destemming is the process of removing the stems from the grapes. This process may take place before, or after crushing, depending on the winemaker. If you harvest by hand, you can just skip this step altogether! Crushing Crushing is when gently crushing the grapes and breaking the skin to start getting flavor. In traditional and small wineries the grapes are sometimes crushed by stomping on them. However, in large, more upscale wineries, the grapes are crushed by a large, mechanical, wine crusher. Primary (alcoholic) fermentation Have you ever wondered what the powdery coating around grapes is? So have I! Yeast is what the powder is, which is useful for alcoholic fermentation. Since this can give unpredictable results, cultural yeast is added to the mix. During fermentation, the yeast cells feed on the sugars and multiply, creating carbon dioxide gas and alcohol. The tempeture affects both the taste of the product and the speed that fermentation is over. For red wines, the temperate is typically 72-77 F, and for white wine, the normal tempeture is 59-64 F. For every gram of sugar that is converted, about half a gram of alcohol is produce, so to get a 12% alcohol concentration, the product has to contain 24% of sugar. Pressing Pressing is the act of applying pressure to grapes in order to separate wine from grapes and grape skins. Presses act by positioning the grapes or grape skins between a rigged surface and a movable surface and slowly decreasing the volume between the two surfaces. As the pressure increases, the amount of tannin extracted from the skins into the juice also increases. Pieaege Pieaege is a French winemaking term for the traditional stomping of the grapes in open fermentation tanks. To make different type of wine, grapes are put through a crusher and then poured into open fermentation tanks. Once fermentation begins, the grape skins are pushed to the surface by carbon dioxide gases, released in the fermentation process. The layer of skins at the top is called the cap. The cap needs to mix with the liquid each day for flavor Cold and Heat Stabilization Cold stabilization is a process used in winemaking to reduce tartrate crystals that’s in wine. These crystals look like grains of clear sand, and are formed by acid and potassium. The temeture of the wine is dropped close to freeing for 1-2 weeks. This will cause the crystals to separate from the wine. During heat stabilization, unstable proteins are removed by absorption, preventing them from being in the finished bottle of wine. Second Fermentation. This process takes three to six months, and is very valuable! The wine is kept under airlock, and proteins from the grapes are broken down, and the yeast cells that are still remaining and other particles are able to settle. In this process, the wine goes from being cloudy, to clear! Secondary fermentation usually takes place in large stainless steel vessels or large oak barrels. The oak gives wine a very good finished taste, but if the winemakers decide to put the wine in stainless steel, oak chips are added! Malolatic Fermentation. This process occurs when lactic acid bacteria mixes with malic acids and produces lactic acids and carbon dioxide. Malolatic fermentation can improve the taste of wine that has large amounts of malic acids. Malic acids creates an unpleasant, harsh, and bitter taste sensation. All red wines go through malolatic fermentation to lessen the amount of acid in the wine, and to remove the possibility that malic acids may be in the bottle. On the other hand, many white wines do not go through fermentation, because they don’t have a lot of acid. Laboratory Tests. Whether wine is stored in vessels or barrels, tests are done regularly. These tests are done to test sugar level, alcohol level, pH level, and many other factors. Theses tests are performed throughout the making of the wine, from the first step through the last! Blending and Fining Different wines can sometimes be mixed together to achieve the desired taste. This process is as simple as the tests the wine have, every now and then. Fining is removing the chemicals and particles that make the wine cloudy. Gelatin has actually been used in many wines for centuries, as a traditional method for wine fining! Usually, no gelatin actually remains in the wine, as it mixes with other chemicals. Also many fining agents will use milk, eggs, bone char, bulls blood, an animals bladder, honey, and a skim milk powder. Preservatives The most common preservative in winemaking is sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide has one main reason, and that is that its an anti oxidant. If sulfur dioxide is added before alcoholic fermentation, it may damage the effects of oxygen, and the wine will go bad! Without the use of sulfur dioxide, wines will suffer bacterial spoilage. Some winemakers practice natural winemaking where no preservatives are added. The wine is then put in a freezer with the temperature being 5 C. Filtration Filtration in winemaking is used to accomplish two objectives: clarification and stabilization. In clarification, large particles that effect the visual appearance of the wine are removed. In stabilization, organisms that effect the stability are removed, therefore killing all possibilities of the wine going bad. The wine is then put in the refrigerator at a low temperature. Bottling. Finally, the last step in winemaking! A final does of sulfite is added to help preserve the wine and to prevent unwanted fermentation going on in the bottle. Once the wine bottles are filled,, they are traditionally sealed with a cork. The final step is adding a capsule! The wine is now ready to be shipped off, and then sold to buyers that will greatly enjoy the taste! Many people actually don’t know how much work is put into making the wine! That’s why its so expensive, nowadays! I hoped I helped you to understand the process of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. WINEMAKING!!!!!

Minority Representation :: essays papers

Minority Representation The issue of minority representation in special education came into the forefront for educators, parents and politicians during the mid 1990’s. In 1992, Black students accounted for 16 percent of the total U.S. student population, but represented 32 percent of students in programs for mild mental retardation, 29 percent in programs for moderate mental retardation, and 24 percent in programs for serious emotional disturbance (Robertson, Kushner, Starks, & Dreschler, 1994). This overrepresentation of Black and other minority students in special education is an ongoing national problem. This problem will be addressed according to the following criteria regarding minority representation in special education. The first issue where minority students in special education are concerned is that minority students may be unserved or receive services that do not meet their needs. Another issue that will be discussed is that some minority students may be misclassified or inappropriately labeled especially in the area of mental retardation and serious emotional disturbance. The final issue that will be discussed is the actual placement of minority students in special education programs may be a form of discrimination. The purpose of this paper is to inform and expand upon minority overrepresentation and the needs of minority students. Minority students may be unserved or receive services that do not meet their needs. Testing constraints such as high incidence of ethnic or linguistic minorities and low socio-economic status can lead to minority students not receiving services that meet their needs. Research shows that socio-political factors such as social deviance variables (eg. school suspension and corporal punishment) and school violence also lead to minority students being unserved in special education. Identification and placement practices have caused problems with identification because of the vagueness of the criteria for elegibility (Artiles, Aguirre-Munoz, Abedi, 1998). Congress has found that although minority students are increasing in number in schools, many minority students are not receiving a free, appropriate public education. Students who are at a high risk of failure are those who live in urban and high poverty environments because they have been in appropriately identified and placed or not placed at all in special education.

Nespresso Essay

Nespresso was not in a very good situation. It was time to change to do something new and they realized for that reason that it was necessary to search an entrepreneur. Somebody ambitious , strong head , and creative who was able to take radically decisions and begin a new era of succeed of Nespreso. This person was Mr Lang. How could we sell Nespresso in supermarkets ? was the initial question. Question that was answered with a great strategic decision which was developed by Nespresso in order to penetrate in a new market and be more productive. â€Å" A small operation in a separate company with separate product† Lang said. At the beginning it was no clear what he wants to do , and if this strategy will be effective but he doesn’t care about it and he continued developing this risked strategy. Lang realized that Nespresso prospect in the office sector was limited but they was potential in the household market. At the time it did not exist a big market research of the households market , so it was a very good opportunity for them. â€Å"Positioning Nespresso away from the more utilitarian office coffee and targeting consumers at the top of the household market† was his main objective Land got â€Å"green light† from the Nestle? general management in order to develop this strategy but only in Switzerland to be proven during a period of time. If the sales increase the management agreed and the business could continue. When something is new there will be always a lot of ifs and buts , but it must to risk and dare to do something innovative and original to got succeed.

Facebook and Privacy Essay

Ex-Apple Engineer, Peter Warden, has collected public fan page data from 215 million Facebook pages, revealing current trends, such as ‘God’ being the number one most popular fan page among Facebook users in the Southern U. S. , whereas ‘Barack Obama’ featured heavily for San Francisco users, and ‘Starbucks’ was number one in Idaho. Warden plans to release this data to the academic community because he sees great potential in the data that can be extracted from these sites. This process is called data harvesting. The article suggests future academic work in  this area is likely to occu impacting on people’s privacy. (FACTS – 100 words) Response: The ETHICAL issue central to this article is privacy and control. On one hand, Warden claims his intentions are altruistic (helpful to others) and that the data he is making visible here is a matter of public discourse. However, the FACTS are that individual users who are generating this data have neither been consulted about the data collection nor have they given permission for Warden to use it. Clearly Warden does not VALUE other’s people’s privacy as much as he WANTS (emotion) to create the website. The argument could be made that once a user ‘becomes a fan’ of a page on Facebook or, indeed, publishes any content to the internet, that information becomes public. User who have deployed privacy settings to carefully maintain a strong sense of control over their profiles, however, might well feel very ANGRY about this use of their data. Facebook can harvest that data (and does, for targeted advertising purposes) because they have a commitment to those advertisers (emotion)and engineers like Warden can develop data-trawling engines to collect accessible information across a massive dataset. The LAW needs to be much clearer about the rights of consumers, companies and advertisers in these situations. As Facebook is presumably bound by its own set of critically considered ETHICAL guidelines, these are neverthess underpinned by commercial VALUES and a vested interest (emotion) in keeping the data of its users from competitors. Warden claims to be operating under his own set of ethics that privilege (value) the furthering of knowledge. The issue then shifts to the academic community. Warden contends that one of his central motivations for collecting this data was so  that he could share it with the academic community. Although this claim may be true, most (if not, all) Universities have clear ETHICAL guidelines for research that explicitly VALUE and therefore require consent from participants. If none of the users gave consent for their data to be collected in this way, this in effect denies them a sense of AGENCY. Thus, academically, this data is tainted. While its implications are important the trends it makes visible are crucial to understanding the localised structures of social network sites like Facebook. Personally, I would  believe people should be able to tick a box that gives consent for the use of their personal material. I do not believe, either, that it should be one of those boxes you are obliged to tick before being able to use a site: that removes my personal AGENCY and I VALUE this very much. It should be up to me to decide whether other people get my data. If this sort of system was in place, everyone would know the FACTS, everyone would understand what is going on and no one would feel (emotion) betrayed or exposed unfairly. (463 words) Animal Research Link: http://www. scu. edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n3/cures. html Objective summary:

Toy Story vs Nemo essays

Toy Story vs Nemo essays Are they alike or are they different? I have seen both Finding Nemo and Toy Story. These two movies are different in many ways. First of all, both the movies had different settings. Second of all, they had a different kind of animated character. Lastly, the meanings of the movies were different. Although these movies are completely different, they are both made by Pixar, and both relay a similar message. Finding Nemo had beautiful animation. This movie took place in the ocean and in a Dentist office. Nemo the young fish had become tired of his Dad being so protective, so he went to the surface and touched the boat. Nemo was captured and put in a cage with other fish in a fish tank. Nemo, very scared, missed his Dad. His Father went searching all over for him and met Dorie. Toy Story that was also beautifully animated took place in Andys house, Cids house, and the Pizza place. Woody was one of Andys favorite toys and then Andys birthday happened. He got a new Buzz Light-year action figure and Woody became very jealous. One day Woody meant to knock Buzz of the desk and accidentally knocked him off the window. Woody went after him and they met up and fought but became friends some how. The characters were animated differently. Toy Story had animated toys and Finding Nemo was animated fish. Toy Storys characters were very detailed, one would think more than Finding Nemos because there was more to detail. The characters on Finding Nemo have very distinct personalities. They each had a different voice and different traits; Toy Story, the toys personalities were much alike and their voices seemed the same. The meanings of the movies: completely different.. The theme for Finding Nemo is: love can conquer anything. This movie tries to teach one that parents love you and even though they can be mean at times its because they love you and there just trying to protect you. Toy Story was friendsh...

Quotes From Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes

Quotes From 'Flowers for Algernon' by Daniel Keyes Flowers for Algernon is a famous novel by Daniel Keyes. Its a bittersweet novel of a mentally disabled man named Charlie, who undergoes an experimental procedure to gain higher intelligence. The book follows his evolution from his low level, through his experiences of coming to understand the world around him. The book raises ethical and moral questions about the treatment of the disabled and happiness. The story is told through Charlies diaries and other documents. One of the ways Keyes portrayed Charlies intelligence was through the evolution of his spelling and  grammar.   Quotes From Flowers for Algernon Any one who has common sense will remember that the bewilderments of the eye are of two kinds, and arise from two causes, either from coming out of the light or from going into the light, which is true of the minds eye, quite as much as of the bodily eye; and he who remembers this when he sees any one whose vision is perplexed and weak, will not be too ready to laugh; he will first ask whether that soul of man has come out of the brighter life, and is unable to see because unaccustomed to the dark, or having turned from darkness to the day is dazzled by excess of light. And he will count the one happy in his condition and state of being, and he will pity the other.  -The Republic, Prefaceall my life I wantid to be smart and not dumb and my mom always tolld me to try and lern just like Miss Kinnian tells me but its very hard to be smart and even when I lern something in Miss Kinnians class at the school I ferget alot.  I dint know mice were so smart.  If your smart you can have lots of frends to talk to and you never get lonley by yourself all the time.   Some times somebody will say hey lookit Frank, or Joe or even Gimpy. He really pulled a Charlie Gordon that time. I dont know why they say it but they always laff and I laff too.I beet Algernon. I dint even know I beet him until Burt Selden told me. Then the second time I lost because I got so excited. But after that I beet him 8 more times. I must be getting smart to beat a smart mouse like Algernon. But I dont feel smarter.She says Im a fine person and Ill show them all. I asked her why. She said never mind but I shouldnt feel bad if I find out everybody isnt nice like I think.  One thing? I, like: about, Dear Miss Kinnian: (thats, the way? it goes; in a business, letter (if I ever go! into business?) is that, she: always gives me a reason when - I ask. Shes a genius! I coud be smart like-her, Punctuation , is? fun!  I never knew before that Joe and Frank and the others liked to have me around just to make fun of me. Now I know what they mean wen they say to pull a Charlie Gord on. Im ashamed. Now I want you to look at this card, Charlie. What might this be? What do you see on this card? People see all kinds of things in these inkblots. Tell me what it makes you think of.I was seeing them clearly for the first time - not gods or even heroes, but just two men worried about getting something out of their work.  It had been all right as long as they could laugh at me and appear clever at my expense, but now they were feeling inferior to the moron. I began to see that by my astonishing growth I had made them shrink and emphasized their inadequacies.  I had betrayed them, and they hated me for it.  Our relationship is becoming increasingly strained. I resent Nemurs constant references to me as a laboratory specimen. He makes me feel that before the experiment was not really a human being.  What did you expect? Did you think Id remain a docile pup, wagging my tail and licking the foot that kicks me? I no longer have to take the kind of crap that people have been handing me all my life.   Remembering how my mother looked before she gave birth to my sister is frightening. But even more frightening is the feeling that I wanted them to catch me and beat me. Why did I want to be punished? Shadows out of the past clutch at my legs and drag me down. I open my mouth to scream, but I am voiceless. My hands are trembling, I feel cold, and there is a distant humming in my ears.  It may sound like ingratitude, but that is one of the things I hate here - the attitude that I am a guinea pig. Nemurs constant references to having made me what I am, or that someday there will be others like me who will become real human beings. How can I make him understand that he did not create me?  They had pretended to be geniuses. But they were just ordinary men working blindly, pretending to be able to bring light into the darkness. Why is it that everyone lies? No one I know is what he appears to be.  Nothing in our minds is ever really gone. The operation had covered him over with a ven eer of education and culture, but emotionally he was therewatching and waiting.   Im not your friend. Im your enemy. Im not going to give up my intelligence without a struggle. I cant go back down into that cave. Theres no place for me to go now, Charlie. So youve got to stay away.  ARTIFICIALLY-INDUCED INTELLIGENCE DETERIORATES AT A RATE OF TIME DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE QUANTITY OF THE INCREASE.the men of the cave would say of him that up he went and down he came without his eyes.  I passed your floor on the way up, and now Im passing it on the way down, and I dont think Ill be taking this elevator again.  P.S. please if you get a chance put some flowers on Algernons grave in the back yard.

International Human Resource Management Assignment - 2

International Human Resource Management - Assignment Example 2) A draft job analysis for the position of an expat role would contain a minimum level of education, qualifications, and personality (Pilbeam & Corbridge, 2006). The last of these three is the most important factor in this type of role because it will determine if the prospective employee will adapt to the local culture. Once the candidates are whittled down based on this prerequisite, education and qualifications would then determine who was better placed to take the job according to the job requirements. 3) There are some methods of attracting candidates that would have to be altered to suit a local country where the job is. For example, some third world countries have very little Internet access, so advertising on the Internet would likely not succeed. These types of countries rely more on job referrals from somebody already established in the job market. 4) Psychometric testing would be ideal for potential expat employees because it would measure how they would fit into the company based on their cognitive abilities and personality or behavioral style (PsychPress, 2012). I would interview an expat’s partner because how they adapt to the local culture will determine whether the expat is committed to the job or

Linguistic interdependence and the educational development of Research Paper

Linguistic interdependence and the educational development of bilingual children - Research Paper Example The assignment will propose a theoretical framework which assigns a central role to the interaction or the interdependence between the factors in explaining the academic as well as cognitive development of bilingual children. The paucity of meaningful data on the effectiveness of bilingual children can be attributed to the case that evaluations have ignored the correlations between the factors. The findings of the previous attempts stated bilingual children performed below expectations on the verbal parts of tests on intelligence and on the academic tasks and the researches and the investigators stated mental confusion and language handicaps to be the behind factors. The â€Å"balance effect† hypothesis in this genre proposed that a bilingual child paid for the L2 skills by a fall in L1 skills (Cummins, 1979). A mismatch between the language at home and the language at schools leads in retardation in the field of academics. The UNESCO exemplified the hypothesis stating that a child can be best taught in his mother tongue. Some researchers argued that instructions proposed through a medium of weaker language will lead to retardation in the subject matter taught. The researchers studied the inadequacy of both linguistic mismatch hypothesis as well as the hypothesis that bilingualism to be the source of academic and cognitive retardation. The researchers opined that bi lingualism can influence in positive fashion to cognitive and linguistic development. The fine documented achievement of immersion programs for the linguistic programs is far from being inconsistent without the simplistic notion that mismatch in linguistics can cause academic retardation. It is not surprising that educators re-examined the assumptions behind the underlying bilingual education and have emphasized the socio cultural as well as the school program variables rather than the factors on linguistics. The recent reviews on the perspectives of linguistics

Economies and social structure of New England. The British-American Essay

Economies and social structure of New England. The British-American conflict - Essay Example In the Deep South, many slaves died of overwork and diseases (Nellis 210). Production in this region went down as there was a shortage of laborers to work. On the side of Chesapeake, slaves were able to reproduce naturally, and this led to abundant source of labor to the region especially on tobacco region (Boyer 54). As Deep South and Chesapeake tried to counter diseases and low quality life, New England way of life was advancing gradually. Its clean water and cool air played a part in ensuring a healthy way of life which to a greater extent added ten years to the average English life span (Boyer 56). Social structure of the New England was much centered on strong families. Most of the families in New England concentrated much on fishing and merchant shipping due rocky soil on their lands. New Englanders became resourceful and idealistic due to the fact that they experienced difficult lives (Boyer 58). Middle colonies were similar to New England only that the majority of the people in that region were farmers. Similarities in Economies and social structure of New England, the Chesapeake/South and Middle colonies On the other hand, there were some contexts shared by the south and New England. For example, culturally, the majorities of settlers were of English origin, spoke English, and practiced English traditions (Boyer 62). Although there were restrictions of religious practices, all the colonies allowed religion freedom, but so some extent. However, the New England was seen to be more stringent about it. In all the colonies, there was a representative assembly that was democratically elected by eligible voters. In all the colonies, the issue of hereditary aristocracy was not allowed (Nellis 214). There was a belief that social mobility enabled Americans to work hard and raise their standards of living. In all the colonies, men were made the leaders, and the English law gave them unlimited powers. However, in all the colonies, women were considered to be subordinate, with much of their activities limited within homesteads. They were not allowed to vie for political positions, and were entit led to limited rights (Boyer 68). The development of the British-American conflict At first, the conflict between the British and America was triggered by the financial costs of Anglo-French wars (Middlekauff 9). It was also evident that Britain viewed American lands viable for providing law materials to Britain, and in turn makes the colonies consumers of the British manufactured goods. The American colonists were persistent in trying to negotiate the controversial policies which challenged their principles with the British parliament. Lack and limited communication between England and America was another cause of the conflict (Middlekauff 14). Boats that sailed between London and in different colonial ports of America took too much time to take back information from England. This led to widening of the gap between Americans and the British. Another concern was the fact that some Americans who served the so-called â€Å"

Married Life Both Before And After History Essay

Married Life Both Before And After History Essay Class certainly played a part in marriage in the 16th century, as romantic love was not seen as a good reason for marriage. The higher up the class scale a person was the more likely they were to have an arranged marriage. Marriage was considered rather important as it enhanced your standing in society, especially for the male as he would become a person of consequence and would gain the role of master of the house. Conscious of the responsibilities a husband assumed on marriage, parents of daughters favoured a man of means and maturity.  [1]   Arranged marriages were frowned upon by the church but nevertheless many arranged marriages took place with the newlyweds often being in their early teens and marrying through pressure with some women felt forced into marriage by their circumstances, unwilling to remain a burden on their family.  [2]   However the lower class tended to marry somebody they had spent a great deal of time with as they tended to socialise in groups, the lower class often married at an older age due to the need to save up and acquire some land to set up home. Marriage in 16th Century Britain was very different to the marriages of todays world, as Stone pointed out marriage among the property-owning classes in sixteenth-century England was a collective decision of family and kin, not an individual one.  [3]   This shows that class was an important part of marriage with rich families often arranging marriages for their children from a very young age as It was more common for the wealthier families to arrange marriages as it was a serious and complicated matter but, as Stephanie Coontz put it, If love could grow out of it, that was wonderful .  [4]   Poorer people could marry later and had more choice. Civil and ecclesiastical law enabled marriage at an early age 12 for a girl and 14 for a boy. Bottom of Form Top of Form The legal requirements for a marriage before the Marriage act of 1753 was a simple process of promising to do so in the presence of a witness furthered by the physical consummating of the relationship. Such informal marriages were not approved by the church who wanted all couples to marry in church before a minister, after the public announcement of the intention to marry had been carried out for three weeks, this is also known as the reading of the banns but resorting to irregular marriage was evident in the sixteenth century.  [5]   This form of engagement was much stricter than those of today as such a promise was seen, as equivalent to a marriage and it would not be a rare occurrence for the brides to be carrying child. Most 17th century marriages were arranged weddings with consent being an important issue as love was not seen as a strong platform for marriage but was viewed as a foundation as this would mean the couple were both compatible and comfortable with one another. The brides family would often pay a sum of money known as a dowry to the groom to pay for the maintenance of the women who in return was promised her dower which was a percentage of the brides estate that the wife would be entitled to on his death. However, love did begin to be used for marriage with the enlightenment train of thought and the belief that the pursuit of happiness was the meaning of life. Marriage through love was now beginning to be considered more important than material goods. The Industrial Revolution would further consolidate this view as the middle class increased tenfold and young bachelors could afford to pay for their own wedding, parental approval and arrangement for marriage were no longer as important or needed. The Marriage Act 1753 or An Act for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage to give it its full title gained Royal Assent in 1754 and came into force on March 25th of that year. It was the first statutory legislation to require a ceremony of marriage in England and Wales and revolutionized the way marriages performed. Consent to marry for anybody under the age of 21 was made law but a limit on age was not introduced. The wedding would also have to take place and be celebrated in church with an entry, signed by all parties, being placed in the parish records. It can be argued that the law was a response to the upper classes agitation at manner in which young heir were trapped in an indissoluble marriage and would lose their money. Furthermore, the Act made it a legal requirement for the reading of the banns to be carried out for three successive weeks prior to the wedding taking place if the parties wishing to marry did not have a license to do so. Marriages by under 21s were acceptable on licence if they had gained the parental consent they needed. However, marriages done so by the reading of the banns were valid unless the parent of the youngest had forbidden the banns. The Act was highly successful in its stated aim of putting a stop to clandestine marriages By the 18th Century, couples were increasingly given the freedom to choose their own partner and many relationships began being based on personal preference and attraction rather than by the parents orders. Top of Form By the 19th Century British women carried the expectation o becoming pregnant, however due to life expectancy being greater for girls than that of the boys, coupled with the number of males serving in the armed force resulted in a shortage of suitable spouses. English law became based on the principle that the male would earn the money whilst the females stayed at home and kept the house. The few women that did work saw her wages passed directly to their husbands under the 1882 Married Property Act. Womens rights had not really been affected by the Marriage Act with females from upper class families being the only ones who had access to education, albeit in subjects viewed as necessary skills for women, such as embroidery This lack of education was seen as unbeneficial by women as it did not develop the women in any way other than menial tasks. In her book, A vindication of the rights of women, Mary Wollstonecraft, claimed that through education would come emancipation and that women had a right to be educated due to it being she who is primarily responsible for the education of the young. Furthermore, Mary Wollstonecraft stated that educating the women the same, as men would strengthen marriage, as the couple would have some topic to share and talk about and that a stable marriage is a partnership between a husband and a wife a marriage is a social contract between two individuals Wollstonecraft goes on to argue that educating women will strengthen the marriage relationship. Her concept of marriage underlies this argument. A woman thus needs to have equal knowledge and sense, to maintain the partnership. A stable marriage also provides for the proper education of children.  [6]   It was impossible for a woman to be granted a divorce even if the male had committed adultery, as the ideal was that upper and middle class women were dependant on a male figure, father, and husband. Men were given the right to divorce if their woman had been adulterous under the Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857, women, however could not divorce their husband if he committed adultery. If a divorce was granted the ownership of the children was passed to the father who had the power to banish the mother from the children if he so desired. Divorce became a less and less taboo subject due to the religious reformation and the way in which society began to question the validity of the church and God. Notwithstanding the ardour of religious reformers in Europe, the established church was brought into question during the reign of Henry VIII and in turn, Protestantism prevailed with the new church taking precedent. The role of the family became an important issue for theorists, none more so than Lawrence Stone, who, in 1977, put forward his theory the three stages of movement within the family. Stone claims that a power shift in the attitudes towards marriage could be seen through the early modern period, with affective individualism replacing the cold patriarchal traits. Stones three movements can be summarised as: The open lineage family 1450 1630. The attitude towards relatives would have been formal to a point of almost been cynical and callous. Upper class couples were distant to each other and as a result, their (often-arranged) marriage was akin to a business relationship. The immediate family were held in the same regard as the lineage members. Restricted patriarchal nuclear family 1550 1700. The importance of kinship was replaced with a growing importance been placed on the immediate relatives. This coincided with The Reformation criticising arranged marriages and the coldness within them, along with stressing the importance of a close nit family. Closed domesticated nuclear family 1640 1800. Love becomes priority with patriarchy in fast decline. Children were shown great affection and seen as a gift rather than a burden. Marriage for love became the norm and replaced the economic reasons to marry. The rise of the romantic novel allowed sex and passion to be legitimate in marriage and not just a tool for reproduction. Romantic love was the reason for marriage, not business. Stone did face criticism though, perhaps, none more so than at the hands of Alan Macfarlane who claimed that Stones thesis was flawed as it had overlapping periods, which gave no consideration to the fact it created conflicting evidence. Stone was also criticised for using evidence associated with the Roman Catholics and using them to strengthen his argument about the Reformation, for example claiming sex was a mere tool for procreation. Stones argument that people were discouraged from marriage and emotional attachment due to the high mortality rate is flawed, given that the mortality rates had sustained a high rate in the early eighteenth century, a time that Stone claims affection and love was growing and taking over as the main reason for marriage Finally, manuscripts and other medieval sources (Chaucer) did not back up, nor consolidate his argument that marriage was a loveless union with a lack of affection for the spouses. With romantic novels booming it was clear that people had an understanding and appreciation of love.

Use of Clothing in Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Use of Clothing in Their Eyes Were Watching God      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel Their Eyes were watching God Zora Neale Hurston portrays a woman named Janie's search for love and freedom. Janie, throughout the novel, bounces through three different marriages, with a brief stint at being a widow in between. Throughout these episodes, Hurston uses Janie`s clothing as a visual bookmark of where Janie is in her search for true love and how she is being influenced by those around her.    Janie's first article of clothing is an apron that she wears while married to Logan Killiks as a hard working sixteen year old. Logan, who Janie describes as looking like "an `ol skullhead in de grave yard," (pg. 13) marries Janie to fulfill the role laid down by Janie's grandmother, a mule. Janie goes along with this for nearly a year, until change comes walking down the road in the form of Joe Starks. Joe is a "citified, stylish man with a hat set at an angle that didn't belong in those parts," and he wants to take Janie away. Joe's dream is to become "big man" and pleads Janie to take part in his dreams of the future. He proposes marriage to her, and arranges a rendezvous at the bottom of the road at sunup the next morning. Janie is torn because Jody "does not represent sun-up pollen and blooming trees, but he spoke of the far horizon....The memory of Nanny was still strong." (pg. 28) When Janie decides to leave the next morning for, if nothing else, a healthy change, she looks down and sees the apron which has stood for all the things she has had to do for Logan," and flung it on a small bush beside the road. Then she walked on, picking flowers and making a bouquet." (pg. 31) When Janie threw the apron on the bush, it represented a major change in Janie's life, and a progression from Logan. Janie is continuing her search for true love, although she knows already that Jody is not the perfect fulfillment of her dream, and how she has been affected by Jody already.    Life with Jody was a disappointment from the beginning of their marriage. As soon as they arrived in the sleepy burg of Eatonville, Jody was trying to gain

Urbanization Dynamics and Its Impact on Natural Resources

NEWSLETTER ARTICLE URBANISATION DYNAMICS AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN MOSHI – KILIMANJARO, TANZANIA By Isaac Kazungu1 and Maulid Bwabo2 Half the world’s population now live in built-up areas, with an estimated 60 million people being added every year (World Bank population Index report, 2010). This rapid urban growth leads to environmental degradation and excessive demands on services, infrastructure and use of natural resource in rapidly urbanising cities of the world, Moshi inclusive. Resource degradation, energy consumption, conflicts on he use of resources has increased drastically. To address this a three (3) years project titled LUNA (Livelihoods, Urbanisation, Natural Resources in Africa) financed by Volkswagen Foundation of Germany established within Five African Countries, namely Tanzania (Moshi), Cameroon (Bamenda), Botswana (Palapye), Cote d’Ivoire (Tyasale) and South Africa (Phalaborwa-Limpopo, and QueenstownEastern Cape). It sta rted in 2009 and aimed at analysing the impact of urbanisation on the use of natural resources and livelihoods in Africa. 1Isaac Kazungu is Assistant Lecturer and Researchers working with the Department of Marketing at Moshi University College of Cooperative and Business Studies (MUCCoBS). His main areas of interest include Agricultural Marketing, Marketing research, International marketing, Livelihoods and Urbanization. He is a member of LUNA a team of researchers from Five African countries and Germany undertaking a project on Urbanization and its impact on the use of Natural Resources in Africa. 2 Maulid Bwabo is Assistant Lecturer and Researchers in theDepartment of Marketing at Moshi University College of Cooperative and Business Studies (MUCCoBS). Among the other disciplines, he specialises in Food crops marketing, Strategic marketing review and Marketing audit. He is also a member of LUNA a team of researchers from Five African countries and Germany undertaking a project on U rbanization and its impact on the use of Natural Resources in Africa In Tanzania the project was undertaken in Moshi Municipality along the slope of Mountain Kilimanjaro-the highest Mountain in Africa. It explored nine (9) settlements in both rban and peri-urban areas of the city. These settlements include Mweka, Uru, Kibosho, Karanga, Kwa sadala, Pasua Matindigani, Pasua Kanisani, Kiusa, Uchira Mashingia. Livelihoods and settlements characteristics, resource availability and utilisation, settlement growth dynamics and challenges, economic activities and geographical locations are some remarkable areas explored. The result of the project built on what researchers explore about the problem, their insights and values using both evidence based and reflections. The results spin on poor enforcement of urban development policies, rban agricultural product additions and branding, promotion of traditional crops which enhance livelihoods of the poor resource and disadvantaged groups, harassm ent of the city authority, conflicts on the use of water infrastructure, insecurity to land tenure, difficulties in capitalisation of financial institutions mortgages and marketing informations. Others include inadequate horizontal and vertical linkages of local communities, associations and interested parties, compensation considerations, changing of the people’s mindset of farmers in production process and partnerships, fragmentation ofAfrican land use planning system, member based transformation efforts from informality to formality, poor governance. Likely, the question of ill staff in planning department and structural conflicts are some remarkable policy and practical development, which are potential for policy formulation and improvement for our country development. Key issues noted during this investigation calls for policy interventions and alternative on the reality. In additional, networking, capacity building on which young scientists (2 Master students from MUCCo BS) were trained through this project.NEWSLETTER ARTICLE of urbanisation and the use of natural resources within a planned and sustainable way to enhance residents in growth and their development processes. Notwithstanding, the project creates a good link of development cooperation between the North and South, which is among the country’s policy development agenda. LUNA team-Tanzania, left to right; Bwabo, Dr. Wakuru Magigi and Isaac Kazungu (Photo by Takemore Chogomoka) Issues noted during the project exploration are central to different actors interested in Urban development and poverty reduction in rapidly rbanising cities. These actors include government, development partners, local communities/co-operators, non-governmental organisations, higher learning institutions, local government authorities and policy makers. The finding may be addressed for enhancing the link Acknowledgements: Dr. Wakuru Magigi-LUNA country coordinator, Urban planner and Senior Lecturer MUCCoBS, V olkswagen Stiftung Foundation, the management of MZUMBE University and MUCCoBS. Contacts:[email  protected] com, [email  protected] com Web: http://www. luna-project. uni-freiburg. de/ http://www. muccobs. ac. tz

Corporations Law

Corporations Law 1. 0 Areas of law Corporate social responsibility has long been a touchy issue for governments not Just in Australia, but around the world as well. Companies in Australia are governed by the corporation's act, which outlines the legal capacity and power of a company. The Corporations Act 2001 (Act) s AAA, defines a corporation as a separate legal entity, that includes any corporate body and unincorporated bodies that may sue, be sued or hold property in the name of an office holder appointed for that purpose.In context of corporate governance, the main issue is with the current escalation is in regards to director's duties. Under the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) asses, directors have a civil obligation to act with due care and diligence, with best interest of the corporation in mind. This civil obligation however, does not extend to certain classes of stakeholders other then shareholders. Modern day companies often have a great impact on society at large, through the various activities they conduct.Given the broad economic, environmental and social impacts they have, it is understandable that a push has been made for director's duties to extend beyond warehouses, and include stakeholders at large. The Corporations Act 2001 (Act) sass, also outlines the legal capacity and powers of a company. S 124(1) states, † a company has the legal capacity and power of an individual both in and outside this jurisdiction†. A company can also be held primarily or secondarily accountable for torts and crimes.To think of a corporation as solely an instrument of business, fails to account for social changes, which has taken place over the past century. 5 It is therefore vital that amendments be made to the Corporations Act 2001 (Act), so as to ring accountability and responsibility of corporations and directors up to date with societal change that has occurred over the past decade. 2. 0 Problems associated with the law The current law governing compani es and directors outlined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Act), only allow for calculated corporate social responsibility.According to the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) asses, directors are required to act in good faith and in the best interest of a company, and in appropriate circumstances may choose to take into consideration a range factors external to shareholders, only if they benefit the warehouses collectively. As a result, companies may be obliged to consider CARS, only when it is likely to result in positive publicity, public approval, endorsements and goodwill; investor confidence and demand; and promote a positive impact on company share prices.It is evident that the current Corporations Act 2001 (Act) limits company director's ability to adhere to CARS practices, as shareholders must receive some benefit from engaging in CARS. This can be seen through statements made by The Australian Shareholder Association pertaining to corporate donations in relation to tsunami relief eff orts, here it stated directors have no approval for philanthropy, donations should only be made in situations where they are likely to benefit the company or shareholders through greater exposure.Directors who seek to engage in CARS activities that do not directly benefit their companies or stakeholders would therefore be in breach of their director's duties outlined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) assess, and this is where the the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) falls short. 3. 0 Recommendations & suggestions Although there are absences of specific law regarding how companies should be socially responsible, new suggestions and recommendations may be implemented as a guideline for companies to be socially responsible.One of the suggestions is for companies to introduce triple bottom line reporting, principles of conduct and charitable contributions in their environmental record as to evaluate its responsibility performance. However, according to the s 181 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Act) directors of the company should prioritize needs of the company for proper purposes by exercising their powers and duties in good faith. Also, theAustralian government may introduce a rule that requires registered companies to participate in a policy in which each company need to design a Corporate Social Responsibility Committee that will observe every activity conducted and how will it impact those other than the shareholders, specifically the employees, suppliers, customers and also the environment. The company would then have to participate in a policy in which it is required to be publicized on its own website.Although it may be contradicting to the directors' best interest for the company, by spending an mount on volunteering programs, such as the hunger project to help extinguish famine in poor countries, it also helps the company to build a better image that in turn, could be advantageous to the directors. 4. 0 Issues of importance The push for company reporting to in clude CARS related information in annual reports is of utmost importance, given the prominence of corporate influence in today's society.The recommendation to implement triple bottom line reporting would increase the extent to which companies are taking responsibility for the consequences of their actions, in relation to corporate activities that touch on environmental or other issues of community concerned The implementation of the policy requiring companies to establish a corporate Social Responsibility Committee are also essential in the push for more CARS friendly law reforms governing Australian companies.Greater transparency in relation to social and environmental impacts of companies has been called for by community groups, given the success of corporations as vehicles for productive enterprise. The degree of accountability displayed by companies in their course of business pertaining to social and environment issues are understandably a matter of public interest, due to mode rn day companies having a large environmental and social impact on external stakeholders in the course of their activities. . 0 Foreign solutions for CARS A similar issue has been addressed in the United Kingdom in regards to the degree that the directors may take into consideration on its responsibility to other individuals besides its shareholders. As it was being evaluated by the country's Department of Trade and Industry, the issue had resulted in the establishment of the Companies Act 2006 (I-J) (companies Act') that constitutes the first codification of directors' duties.Based on the Companies Acts 172, it has been maintained that the directors are obliged to take considerations of the interests held by individuals other than the shareholders, employees, customers and also the environments 5. Nevertheless, the provision claimed that the directors are required to function in a way that the success of company can be improved, which will then prompt the directors on its duties in protecting the interest of the shareholders.Also, in India, he government has come up with the introduction to the policy of a two-percent Corporate Social Responsibility law that promotes company to be charitable by having two percent from profit earned each financial year to be spent on government-approved projects that may consist of environmental sustainability and education that are leaning towards development of the nation as a whole. Companies are liable in designing its own committee of corporate social responsibility to aid in observing, reporting and preventing any activities that may harm the society and environment.Each report is then to be disclosed in the company's website as required by the policy. 6. 0 Views on suggested reform policies In relation to the proposed reporting reforms pertaining to CARS, we are in agreement that the implementation of the suggested changes would be in the best interest of companies, their directors and wider stakeholders at large. The C orporations and Markets Advisory Committee has stated in their report that it does not support the revision of The Corporations Act 2001 (Act), in relation to the inclusion of CARS under director's duties.The proposed amendments have been seen to fail in providing directors with meaningful clarification, whilst risk obscuring the accountability of directors. It is their belief that that the most effective response to concerns arising from time to time pertaining to the environment and social impact of business behavior, is through the setting of specific legislation directed to the problem real 8. However the Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee have identified a number of issues in relation to the implementation of environmental and social reporting elicits.Issues relating to discrepancies that may arise in relation to comparability, market advantage and cost have been identified. In regards to the comparability of company reports, it has been argued that additional mandator y reporting is necessary to ensure comparability of non-financial reports. Further more, it has been identified that enhanced mandatory reporting would reduce selective positive-only reporting, thereby only benefiting responsible companies by improving their standing among risk analysts.Lastly, concerns have been raised by companies in geared to costs that will have to be incurred due to additional mandatory reporting. There has been a general consensus among companies that additional mandatory reporting will be too costly, however others have argues that such additional reporting could in fact reduce costs, through the standardization of reporting requirements. Having considered these statements, we still belief that the best approach in relation to company CARS reporting, is through the introduction of separate policies which are to run concurrently with the Corporations Act 2001 (Act)